Tag Archives: Multihypothesis Filter

Modelling ECGs with sums of gaussians and estimating them through switching Kalman Filters and the likelihood of each mode

Oster, J.; Behar, J.; Sayadi, O.; Nemati, S.; Johnson, A.E.W.; Clifford, G.D., Semisupervised ECG Ventricular Beat Classification With Novelty Detection Based on Switching Kalman Filters, in Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on , vol.62, no.9, pp.2125-2134, Sept. 2015, DOI: 10.1109/TBME.2015.2402236.

Automatic processing and accurate diagnosis of pathological electrocardiogram (ECG) signals remains a challenge. As long-term ECG recordings continue to increase in prevalence, driven partly by the ease of remote monitoring technology usage, the need to automate ECG analysis continues to grow. In previous studies, a model-based ECG filtering approach to ECG data from healthy subjects has been applied to facilitate accurate online filtering and analysis of physiological signals. We propose an extension of this approach, which models not only normal and ventricular heartbeats, but also morphologies not previously encountered. A switching Kalman filter approach is introduced to enable the automatic selection of the most likely mode (beat type), while simultaneously filtering the signal using appropriate prior knowledge. Novelty detection is also made possible by incorporating a third mode for the detection of unknown (not previously observed) morphologies, and denoted as X-factor. This new approach is compared to state-of-the-art techniques for the ventricular heartbeat classification in the MIT-BIH arrhythmia and Incart databases. F1 scores of 98.3% and 99.5% were found on each database, respectively, which are superior to other published algorithms’ results reported on the same databases. Only 3% of all the beats were discarded as X-factor, and the majority of these beats contained high levels of noise. The proposed technique demonstrates accurate beat classification in the presence of previously unseen (and unlearned) morphologies and noise, and provides an automated method for morphological analysis of arbitrary (unknown) ECG leads.

Novel recursive bayesian estimator based on approaching pdfs by polynomials and keeping a hypothesis for each of its modes

Huang, G.; Zhou, K.; Trawny, N.; Roumeliotis, S.I., (2015), A Bank of Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) Estimators for Target Tracking, Robotics, IEEE Transactions on , vol.31, no.1, pp.85,103. DOI: TRO.2014.2378432

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Nonlinear estimation problems, such as range-only and bearing-only target tracking, are often addressed using linearized estimators, e.g., the extended Kalman filter (EKF). These estimators generally suffer from linearization errors as well as the inability to track multimodal probability density functions. In this paper, we propose a bank of batch maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimators as a general estimation framework that provides relinearization of the entire state trajectory, multihypothesis tracking, and an efficient hypothesis generation scheme. Each estimator in the bank is initialized using a locally optimal state estimate for the current time step. Every time a new measurement becomes available, we relax the original batch-MAP problem and solve it incrementally. More specifically, we convert the relaxed one-step-ahead cost function into polynomial or rational form and compute all the local minima analytically. These local minima generate highly probable hypotheses for the target’s trajectory and hence greatly improve the quality of the overall MAP estimate. Additionally, pruning of least probable hypotheses and marginalization of old states are employed to control the computational cost. Monte Carlo simulation and real-world experimental results show that the proposed approach significantly outperforms the standard EKF, the batch-MAP estimator, and the particle filter.

Probabilistic models of several sensors plus a method for distinguishing the different hypotheses from the posterior of a PF

V. Alvarez-Santos, A. Canedo-Rodriguez, R. Iglesias, X.M. Pardo, C.V. Regueiro, M. Fernandez-Delgado, Route learning and reproduction in a tour-guide robot, Robotics and Autonomous Systems, Volume 63, Part 2, January 2015, Pages 206-213, ISSN 0921-8890. DOI: 10.1016/j.robot.2014.07.013

Traditionally, route information is introduced in tour-guide robots by experts in robotics. In the tour-guide robot that we are developing, we allow the robot to learn new routes while following an instructor. In this paper we describe the route recording process that takes place while following a human, as well as, how those routes are later reproduced.

A key element of both route recording and reproduction is a robust multi-sensorial localization algorithm that we have designed, which is able to combine various sources of information to obtain an estimate of the robot’s pose. In this work we detail how the algorithm works, and how we use it to record routes. Moreover, we describe how our robot reproduces routes, including path planning within route points, and dynamic obstacle avoidance for safe navigation. Finally, we show through several trajectories how the robot was able to learn and reproduce different routes.