Tag Archives: Neural Networks Explanation

Building explanations for AI plans by modifying user’s models to make those plans optimal within them

September 15, 2023 10:11 ,

Sarath Sreedharan, Tathagata Chakraborti, Subbarao Kambhampati, Foundations of explanations as model reconciliation, Artificial Intelligence, Volume 301,
2021, DOI: 10.1016/j.artint.2021.103558.

Past work on plan explanations primarily involved the AI system explaining the correctness of its plan and the rationale for its decision in terms of its own model. Such soliloquy is wholly inadequate in most realistic scenarios where users have domain and task models that differ from that used by the AI system. We posit that the explanations are best studied in light of these differing models. In particular, we show how explanation can be seen as a \u201cmodel reconciliation problem\u201d (MRP), where the AI system in effect suggests changes to the user’s mental model so as to make its plan be optimal with respect to that changed user model. We will study the properties of such explanations, present algorithms for automatically computing them, discuss relevant extensions to the basic framework, and evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms both empirically and through controlled user studies.

Posted in: Artificial Intelligence , Tagged: ,

Generating contrafactual explanations of Deep RL decisions to identify flawed agents

July 11, 2023 08:44 ,

Matthew L. Olson, Roli Khanna, Lawrence Neal, Fuxin Li, Weng-Keen Wong, Counterfactual state explanations for reinforcement learning agents via generative deep learning, . Artificial Intelligence, Volume 295, 2021 DOI: 10.1016/j.artint.2021.103455.

Counterfactual explanations, which deal with “why not?” scenarios, can provide insightful explanations to an AI agent’s behavior [Miller [38]]. In this work, we focus on generating counterfactual explanations for deep reinforcement learning (RL) agents which operate in visual input environments like Atari. We introduce counterfactual state explanations, a novel example-based approach to counterfactual explanations based on generative deep learning. Specifically, a counterfactual state illustrates what minimal change is needed to an Atari game image such that the agent chooses a different action. We also evaluate the effectiveness of counterfactual states on human participants who are not machine learning experts. Our first user study investigates if humans can discern if the counterfactual state explanations are produced by the actual game or produced by a generative deep learning approach. Our second user study investigates if counterfactual state explanations can help non-expert participants identify a flawed agent; we compare against a baseline approach based on a nearest neighbor explanation which uses images from the actual game. Our results indicate that counterfactual state explanations have sufficient fidelity to the actual game images to enable non-experts to more effectively identify a flawed RL agent compared to the nearest neighbor baseline and to having no explanation at all.

Posted in: Reinforcement learning in AI , Tagged: ,